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Khan Abdul Wali Khan ((パシュトー語:خان عبدالولي خان), , born: 11 January 1917 – 26 January 2006) was a British Indian and later Pakistani secular democratic socialist and Pashtun leader, and served as president of National Awami Party. Son of the prominent Pashtun nationalist leader Bacha Khan, Wali Khan was an activist and a writer against the British Raj like his father.〔''Interview with Wali Khan'', Feroz Ahmed Pakistan Forum, Vol. 2, No. 9/10 (June – July 1972), pp. 11-13-18.〕 His early years were marked by his involvement in his father's non-violent resistance movement, the "red shirts" against the British Raj. He narrowly escaped an assassination in his early years and was later sent to school at Colonel Brown Cambridge School, Dehra Dun.〔Schofield, Victoria (22 August 2003), ''Afghan Frontier Feuding and Fighting in Central Asia''. Tauris Parke Paperbacks; General edition. ISBN 1-86064-895-9〕 In his late teens, he became active in the Indian National Congress. After the formation of Pakistan in 1947, Wali Khan became a controversial figure in Pakistani politics during his political career because of his association to the Congress which opposed the creation of Pakistan.〔Pirzada, Sayyid A. S. (2000). ''The Politics of the Jamiat-i-Ulema-i-Islam Pakistan, 1971–1977''. Oxford University Press Inc, USA. ISBN 0-19-579302-1〕 A respected politician in his later years, he contributed to Pakistan's third constitution, led protests for the restoration of democracy in the 1960s and 1980s.〔(Chowk, ''Khan Abdul Wali Khan: His Father's Shadow?'' January 25, 2006 ). Last accessed 23 June 2006.〕 In the 1970s, he also served as the parliamentary leader of opposition in Pakistan's first directly elected parliament. ==Early life== Wali Khan was born on 11 January 1917, to a family of local landlords in the town of Utmanzai in Charsadda district of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of undivided India. His father, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (Bacha Khan), was a prominent Pashtun Nationalist and founder of the pacifist Khudai Khidmatgar (''"Volunteer"'' in Pashto) movement. His mother, ''Mehar Qanda Khan'', belonged to the nearby Razar village, and married Bacha Khan in 1912; she died during the flu pandemic after World War I.〔Ghaffar Khan, (1983) Zama Zhwand au Jaddo Jehad (Pashto) Kabul〕 Wali Khan, the second of three sons, received his early education from the ''Azad Islamia School'' in Utmanzai. In 1922, this school became part of a chain of schools his father had formed during his social reform activities. It was from this network of schools that the Khudai Khidmatgar movement developed, eventually challenging British authority in the North-West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) through non-violent protests and posing one of the most serious challenges to British rule in the region.〔 In May 1930, Wali Khan narrowly escaped being killed at the hands of a British soldier during a military crackdown in his home village.〔 In 1933, he attended the famous Colonel Brown Cambridge School in Dehra Dun. He did not pursue further education because of recurring problems with his eyesight, which led to him wearing glasses for the rest of his life. Despite his pacifist upbringing, as a young freedom fighter, Wali Khan seemed exasperated with the pacifism advocated by his father. He was to later explain his frustration to Gandhi, in a story he told Muklaika Bannerjee, "If the cook comes to slaughter this chicken's baby, is non-violence on the part of the chicken likely to save the younger life?" The story ended with a twinkle in his eye when he remembered Gandhiji's reply, "Wali, you seem to have done more research on violence than I have on non-violence."〔Bannerjee, Muklaika (Saturday, 4 February 2006). ("Wali Baba, my adoptive father". ) ''Indian express''. Retrieved 10 February 2006.〕 His first wife died in 1949 while Wali Khan was in prison. In 1954, he married Nasim Wali Khan, the daughter of an old Khudai Khidmatgar activist. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Khan Abdul Wali Khan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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